The largest organ of the body, the skin is composed of melanocytes, basal cells, and squamous cells. Skin cancer develops when any of these cell types start behaving abnormally, leading to unnatural growth and multiplication. Areas of the skin regularly exposed to the sun tend to develop cancer, though protected areas might also show symptoms. So, knowing about the different types of skin cancer can help one spot problems early on and ensure the right treatment:

• Basal cell carcinoma : Among the different types of skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma is the most common in the country. It develops in the basal cells that are located in the lowest level of the epidermis, and the head and neck are more prone to being affected by this type of skin cancer. Though it grows at a slow pace and doesn’t usually metastasize or spread, it’s best to consult a doctor at the earliest. This type of cancer also tends to recur, and common symptoms include small pearly bumps that don’t go away, along with shiny and scaly patches in red or pink color.
• Squamous cell carcinoma : The second-most common type of skin cancer, squamous cell carcinoma develops in the squamous cells that are the most common component of the epidermis. This cancer usually appears in the parts of the skin that are exposed to the sun more than the other parts, like the face, neck, ears, and the back of the hands. Skin ulcers or scars can also develop due to this cancer, and unlike basal cell carcinoma, this type of cancer can spread to other organs. Flat sores with a scaly crust, red and firm nodules, and a new sore on an old ulcer or scar are common signs. Sometimes, a scaly and rough patch can also develop on the patient’s lip or inside their mouth.
• Merkel cell carcinoma : Of the different types of skin cancer, this one develops in the Merkel cells that work with nerve endings to give the sensation of touch. It is aggressive and rare and affects the areas most exposed to the sun, like the scalp and face. Those who have a weak immune system and are above the age of 50 are at greater risk, and a painless, single lump that grows quickly, is firm and raised, and violet or red in color is a common symptom. This form of cancer can spread to the bones, liver, brain, or lungs.
• Melanoma : This type of skin cancer can grow quickly and is life-threatening. Common signs of melanoma are asymmetrical spots with uneven borders that are bigger than 7mm in diameter or have an uneven or strange color. This cancer develops in the melanocytes, which produce melanin. Apart from sun-exposed areas, melanoma can affect the genitals, eyes, and bottom of the feet. The maximum number of deaths due to skin cancer are caused by melanoma, and the risk is greater among the elderly and those who frequently use tanning beds or are out in the sun for long hours.