According to cancer statistics, lung cancer, breast cancer, and colon and rectal cancer are among the number one killers in North America. With recent developments in cancer research, scientists have good reason to expect that more and more people will be turning to genetic testing of their makeup for clues as to whether or not they’re at risk of specific types of cancer due to heredity and genetics. This article discusses the top DNA testing for cancer:

1. Newborn screening
This type of testing is designed to screen newborns for select congenital disabilities. At the same time, gene expression looks at the active genes in the body, and newborn screening checks for inherited genetic disorders. One of the most common types of disorders that are screened for is phenylketonuria (PKU).

2. Molecular tests
There are a variety of molecular tests. While they’re not very common, they do provide some useful information. One type of test looks at the DNA in a sample to determine if it’s mutated. An example of this would be looking for BRCA1 or 2, which indicates that you have a higher risk of developing breast cancer. The other type of molecular testing looks at how your body processes tissue samples and explains the cause of hereditary disorders, genetic diseases, etc.

3. Gene expression tests
Gene expression testing is slightly different from the other two types of tests listed here. This type of DNA test looks for the genes turned on in the body. This means that you can find out which genes are active and inactive and use this information to develop potential diagnoses. For example, if a person has a disease linked to an inactive gene, you know what might be wrong once you test for gene expression.

4. Chromosomal tests
The most commonly used type of DNA testing is chromosome tests. Chromosomes are the structures that make up our DNA, and as such, they can be used to pinpoint a genetic predisposition. Past medical research has shown a link between specific genes and certain cancers, making it easy to identify people at heightened risk for developing cancer. This is the best type of test for people at least 50 years of age and over and those with close relatives, particularly parents or siblings, who have cancer.

5. Germline testing
Germline testing is the newest type of cancer test. It screens your DNA at birth to find out whether or not you have a higher risk than average of getting cancer. The most common cancers that germline checks for are breast, ovarian, colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate. However, scientists are looking more and more at the family history to determine if you’re at risk for cancer. Also, research shows that the risk of breast cancer is significantly higher in people who have relatives with breast cancer, suggesting that it’s the gene itself. That’s why screening around the time of birth is important and makes this testing so interesting.

In conclusion, there are many different types of testing available, and each type has a different purpose. However, cancer is the most common reason people seek out testing. If you or someone you love is at risk for cancer, make sure to talk to your doctor about your options for testing.