Contraception is the process of deliberately preventing conception or pregnancy through medication, certain sexual practices, devices, and surgical procedures. Common methods of contraception include long-acting reversible contraception or the use of implants, intrauterine devices, hormonal contraceptives like birth control pills, barrier mechanisms like condoms, and emergency contraceptives like the “Morning After” pill. Detailed below are the common methods of contraception.

Birth Control Pills
Birth control pills are the most common methods of contraception. They are effective in preventing pregnancies when consumed correctly. These oral tablets contain two hormones- estrogen and progesterone. They prevent conception by thickening the cervical mucus and arresting the release of eggs. These days, progestogen-only pills are also available in pharmacies. Gynecologists do not recommend these tablets for women above 35 years and those who have hypertension, diabetes, or liver ailments.

Condoms
Male and female condoms are prevalent contraceptive methods. They are made of latex and prevent the union of sperm and ovum. Studies suggest that condoms can prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STI) in most cases. Sexual partners should roll on a condom just before the initiation of sexual intercourse. Though there are no medical side-effects of using condoms, it can tear or slip, leading to an unwanted pregnancy.

Intra-uterine Devices (IUDs)
IUDs are a favorite contraceptive procedure among many couples because they can work uninterruptedly for as long as 10 years. They are of two types- hormonal IUD and copper IUD. The hormonal IUD uses progestin for thickening the cervical mucus and thinning out the uterine wall. In the copper IUD, the metal acts as a spermicide. Gynecologists take 5 to 10 minutes to insert the IUD inside the uterus. However, there are a few reports of perforation of the uterus and heavy menstrual cycle after the use of this contraceptive method.

Vaginal Ring
The vaginal ring is a small and flexible ring made of plastic, which the healthcare worker introduces inside the vagina. It continually releases synthetic estrogen and progestin and thereby prevents pregnancies. Women can keep it inside their bodies for three weeks and then take a week off before inserting the next ring. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggest that it is quite effective in preventing pregnancy. However, it does not offer any protection against STIs.

Surgical Procedures
Surgical procedures like tube ligation and vasectomy are permanent contraceptive methods. The former is a female procedure and the latter is a male surgical process to stop pregnancy. They are highly effective and require only a single day of hospitalization. The only drawback is that it is challenging to reverse these procedures.

Despite knowing about the common methods of contraception, one must consult the doctor for the most convenient process.